![]() ![]() The collection increased during the following 100 years, reaching more than 1,000 specimens by the mid-19 th century. ![]() The marble dissecting table utilized by the famous scientist and anatomist Luigi Galvanti is placed at one end of the corridor. These specimens, as well as those representing all the muscles made by Lelli between 17, are located in the principal corridor of the Museum, housed inside the original showcases. Two wax statues represent male and female nudes the other skinned statutes represent the different layers of the muscles, to the skeleton (Fig. The nucleus of the historical collection of the Museum of Anatomy is represented by the eight models of the whole human body commissioned to Ercole Lelli by the Bologna Cardinal Prospero Lambertini, when in 1742 he became Pope Benedetto XIV. In this way, foundations were laid establishing the art of waxwork modeling of anatomical specimens for the study of medical practice at the University of Bologna (Ruggeri and Bartoli Barsotti, 1997). Artistic notomie, in clay, wood, and wax, were the first models of the human body, whose anatomical perfection, obtained by careful representation of cadavers used for dissection, might serve as a reference standard for the study of anatomy. In this contest, the use of the so-called notomie, statues of skinned bodies, was considered essential for reaching truth and beauty in reproducing reality by artistic interpretation. This artist, who won the Marsigli prize for human figure drawing, had a special interest in the study of anatomy, which he considered as a sort of grammar for representing the language of the human body. Therefore, an anatomical collection of models made of a durable material was commissioned by the painter Ercole Lelli (1702–1776). The anatomical tradition, based on the use of human cadavers, represents the basis of anatomical waxwork modeling.Īs a result of constant use, this material progressively deteriorated. The Institute of Sciences, whose origin and development diverged from that of the University, included the Anatomical Chamber, which initially received a group of dry specimens (mummified parts of cadavers), as a gift of the family of the famous anatomist Antonio Maria Valsalva (1666–1723) to be used for practical demonstrations to medicine students. Marsigli addressed a document to the University asserting that the study of anatomy required, as in foreign medical schools, a direct exhibition of the corpses and the use of dissection. This institution was designed to renew attention to scientific observation and experimental research in all fields of natural sciences which, in the academic tradition, tended towards abstract theorization. The first group of anatomical preparations of the Museum of Bologna collection was originally located at the Institute of Sciences, founded in 1711 by Luigi Ferdinando Marsigli. Some waxwork models attributed to Zumbo are conserved at the Specola Museum in Florence. Born in Siracusa, Zumbo went to Bologna around 1695 to improve his knowledge of anatomy. The first documentation of the use of this technique in Bologna is found in the biography of the abbot Gaetano Zumbo (1656–1701). The anatomical tradition, based on the use of human cadavers, represents the basis of anatomical waxwork modeling. (Erofilo and Erasistrato of the Alexandrine School). ![]() In 1316, the anatomical treatise Anathomia Mundini of Mondino de' Liuzzi (1270–1326) was published, which reintroduced the use of anatomical dissection abandoned since the 3rd century B.C. The birth of the Medical School was around 1288, the period in which Taddeo Alerotti gave the first public anatomical lectures. The Medical School of the University of Bologna is less ancient nevertheless, with more than 600 years of history, it represents a formidable piece of evidence for the development of human thought. The Alma Mater Studiorum Bononiensis, the oldest university in the world, was founded at the beginning of the second millennium. 1-8 – Courtesy of Kino Lorber, these Leni-helmed cinematic crossword puzzles were originally screened in 1920s German cinemas as featurettes accompanying the main film.In order to describe the Museum of Human Anatomy of the University of Bologna, one must also introduce the institution which houses it. Audio commentary with Australian film and arts critic Adrian Martin.Option of two newly created scores, by Ensemble Musikfabrik and composer Richard Siedhoff.1080p presentation on Blu-ray from a new 2K restoration. ![]()
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